First, let’s be honest: even seasoned writers make mistakes. It is a misconception that our first drafts are flawless. In fact, we know that writing is messy and requires dozens of drafts to make it all look easy. We know which common writing mistakes to avoid in those early drafts.

Here are some of those pitfalls to watch out for and how to sidestep them.

1. Overuse of Adverbs. Adverbs often clutter writing without adding much value. Instead of saying “ran quickly,” use a stronger verb like “sprinted” or “bolted” or other verbs that paint vivid pictures.

“The road to hell is paved with adverbs.” — Stephen King

2. Telling Instead of Showing. Bring scenes to life with vivid details. Rather than stating “She was angry,” show her slamming a door or pacing or clenching her teeth.

“Don’t tell me the moon is shining; show me the glint of light on broken glass.” — Anton Chekhov

3. Weak Opening Sentences. First impressions matter. Hook readers from the start with a compelling opening that grabs attention and sets the tone. Remember, “Entrances should en-trance.”

“The first sentence can’t be written until the final sentence is written.” — Joyce Carol Oates

4. Lack of Structure or Planning. A strong foundation ensures clarity. Use outlines to organize thoughts and maintain focus throughout your work.

“A goal without a plan is just a wish.” — Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

5. Flat Characters. Characters should feel real and multidimensional. Give them flaws, quirks, and growth arcs to engage readers. Learn how to write about characters in The Art of Narrative Nonfiction Level 1 Online Creative Nonfiction Writing Courses | Kathryn Aalto.

“It begins with a character, always a character.” — F. Scott Fitzgerald

6. Wordy Sentences. Brevity is key. Eliminate redundant phrases and unnecessary words to keep sentences sharp.

“Vigorous writing is concise.” — William Strunk, Jr.

7. Not Editing Enough. The first draft is just the beginning. Revise multiple times to refine your writing and eliminate errors.

“The only kind of writing is rewriting.” — Ernest Hemingway

8. Ignoring Reader Perspective. Think about what your audience wants to read. Write with their interests and expectations in mind which means writing a story with a great narrative arc. At the same time, less is more! Read more by narrative nonfiction master John McPhee in his superb article Writing by Omission | The New Yorker.

“You can’t wait for inspiration. You have to go after it with a club.” — Jack London

9. Inconsistent Tone. Tone sets the mood. Maintain consistency to ensure your work feels cohesive and intentional.

“Style is to forget all styles.” — Jules Renard

10. Starting Without a Clear Goal. Know your purpose before you begin. A clear goal keeps your writing focused and prevents aimless wandering.

“If you don’t know where you are going, you’ll end up someplace else.” — Yogi Berra

If you want personalized feedback to avoid these mistakes, consider enrolling in one of my live online courses. I provide detailed and personalized feedback to help writers of all levels to grow.